DATA Read
The DATA Read is a scientific journal, with open access, which aims to be a diffuser of theoretical and applied studies, coming from areas of knowledge that deal with themes that refer to the theme Information and Communication Technology (ICT), data and their more diverse developments and potential for use.
ISSN: 2763-7875 (Online)
Analysis of homicides of black and non-black women, from 2009 to 2019, by region of Brazil
Análise dos homicídios de mulheres negras e não negras, nos anos de 2009 a 2019, por região do Brasil (Portuguese)
Análisis de homicidios de mujeres negras y no negras, de 2009 a 2019, por región de Brasil (Spanish)
Você pode acessar o texto completo em Português clicando aqui.
Published in V. 3, I. 2 (2022)
Abstract: The exposed work has the purpose of analyzing the quantity and differences between the homicides of black and non-black women, in the years 2009 to 2019, according to each Region of Brazil (North, Northeast, South, Southeast and Midwest). When analyzing, it is possible to observe that black women are the ones who suffer the most homicides in Brazil and that the Northeast Region is responsible for the largest number of these deaths. Therefore, from reading the article, which has a compilation of information made available by Ipea, it is possible to better understand the data of a social, health and public safety problem that has been perpetuated for decades.
Abstract (Portuguese): O trabalho exposto possui o propósito de analisar a quantidade e as diferenças entre os homicídios de mulheres negras e não negras, nos anos de 2009 a 2019, de acordo com cada Região do Brasil (Norte, Nordeste, Sul, Sudeste e Centro Oeste). Ao analisarmos, é possível observar que as mulheres negras são as que mais sofrem homicídios no Brasil e que a Região Nordeste é a responsável pela maior quantidade dessas mortes. Portanto, a partir da leitura do artigo, que possui um compilado de informações disponibilizadas pelo Ipea, é possível entender melhor sobre os dados de um problema social, de saúde e segurança pública que se perpetua há décadas.
Abstract (Spanish): El trabajo expuesto tiene como objetivo analizar la cantidad y las diferencias entre los homicidios de mujeres negras y no negras, en los años 2009 a 2019, según cada Región de Brasil (Norte, Nordeste, Sur, Sudeste y Centro Oeste). Al analizar, es posible observar que las mujeres negras son las que más homicidios sufren en Brasil y que la Región Nordeste es responsable por el mayor número de esas muertes. Por eso, a partir de la lectura del artículo, que cuenta con una recopilación de información puesta a disposición por el Ipea, es posible comprender mejor los datos de un problema social, de salud y seguridad pública que se perpetúa desde hace décadas.
Full text
1 Introduction
Homicide is a crime provided for in article 121 of the Penal Code and consists of the conduct of murdering someone. Thus, individuals who commit this crime are subject to a sentence of 6 to 20 years and this may vary depending on the severity of the crime.
Even after many struggles to reduce gender inequality, women continue to be the target of prejudice and discrimination. The homicide of women is not a new phenomenon in humanity and it is a social problem that has been perpetuated for decades and that affects thousands of families annually in Brazil and, when we talk about black women, the vulnerability becomes even greater, because , what happens is double discrimination, marked by gender and ethnicity.
According to the 5th chapter of the “Black Women Dossier: portrait of the living conditions of black women in Brazil”, published by Ipea (Institute of Applied Economic Research) for the first time in 2013, Jackeline Aparecida Romio states “that black women are disproportionately exposed to other factors that generate violence, such as socioeconomic inequalities, racism and others”.
According to the main results of the 2021 Atlas of Violence, produced by Ipea and the FBSP (Brazilian Public Security Forum), between 2009 and 2019, 50,056 women were murdered in Brazil, and in 2019, 67% of homicide victims they were black.
Information on homicides is made available by Ipea and FBSP, organizations that contribute to the improvement of policies and public safety, based on the Atlas of Violence and its annually published reports that are made available to the public through its website, which it allows different audiences to have access to information, generating multiple knowledge and awareness of the population.
1.1 Key issue
How did the number of homicides of black women and non-black women behave in the years 2009 to 2019 in the regions of Brazil? And which Brazilian region has the highest homicide rate of black women?
2.1 Methodology
Given the theme under study, data were collected from the Ipea website, more specifically from the Atlas da Violência, which has publications and annual updates, being structured in partnership with the FBSP based on analysis of data from the Information System on Mortality ( SIM), population data from TABNET/DATASUS (Informatics Department of the Brazilian Unified Health System) and IBGE (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics).
According to the Ministry of Health, the basic and essential document for collecting mortality data in Brazil is the Death Certificate (DO), which feeds the Mortality Information System, which has an environment for sharing information online. line with several utilities. Access to the SIM is restricted to registered people, to guarantee the confidentiality of the personal data involved in the records.
The analyzed data were collected from government websites, where they have open data for viewing and subsequent treatment and analysis, for the consecutive understanding and conclusion of what was sought. All data analyzed and presented in this work are covered by the LGPD (General Data Protection Law).
2 Development
2.1 Collection
The collection took place by extracting data from the Ipea website, which the General Data Protection Law protects and safeguards personal and sensitive personal data on which treatments are carried out for use in research and institutional management. Ipea has a Privacy Governance Program (PGP/Ipea) which has a support team in charge of preparing data awareness plans.
2.2 Analysis
After processing and analyzing the collected data, it is possible to conclude from graphs 1 and 2 that from 2009 to 2019, there were homicides of 16,790 non-black women and 31,267 black women in Brazil, that is, 65% of homicides were black women , with the highest rate in 2017, totaling 3288 cases.
With regard to regression graphs 3 and 4, from the North and Northeast regions, it is possible to notice a discrepancy between the lines of black and non-black women. This fact shows us a growing trend in homicides of black women in these regions, while that of non-black women remains more constant.
Regarding regression graphs 5 and 6, from the South and Southeast regions, it is possible to notice a difference in lines compared to the North and Northeast regions. The regression lines for the Southeast region are very close to each other, giving the interpretation that homicides of black and non-black women are almost equivalent. In the South region, however, we have a break in the pattern, where the line of homicides of black women is considerably lower than that of non-black women.
Observing graph 7, of the Midwest region, it is possible to notice that the lines extend hold constants, but their R² values are extremely low.
With regard to the region, the one with the most homicides of black women is the Northeast, with a total of 13,161 cases. cases. Furthermore, from 2009 to 2019 all regions of Brazil had more homicides of black women than non-black women, with the exception of the South and Midwest.
3 Developments
From the analyzed data and the regression line created, it was possible to develop a prediction of values for future years, using the equation of the line generated in the linear regression, thus, a table was created for the years 2020 to 2030, with the in order to obtain a future prediction of the number of homicides, if the trend of the line continues. This figure can be seen in Graphs 8 and 9, analyzed only for the Southeast and Northeast regions, where a good R² value was obtained and are the focus regions.
In addition, it is possible to note that the tendency in the homicide rate of black and non-black women in the Southeast region is to decrease, while in the Northeast region it is to increase the homicide rate of black women and stabilize that of non-black women.
However, these numbers could be even higher as more than a third of states do not release information about the race of victims; even among those who disclose, the field appears as 'uninformed' in most of the records. This situation hinders the social mapping of these victims and the adoption of really effective public measures for the protection of women, but especially those who are in a situation of political, economic and social vulnerability.
Images
References
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